Photosynthesis Experiment free essay sample

The results do not show the general relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis that could normally be seen had the experiment taken place without errors. The graph should show an increase in arbitrary units the further away from the light source the beaker is because the greater the distance from the light source, the lower the light intensity and so less photosynthesis would take place in the algal balls. This would result in more CO2 being present because it wouldn’t be being used up during photosynthesis. The decrease in CO2 in the solutions nearer the light source would cause the hydrogencarbonate indicator to change colour to purple/red and therefore the darker colour would produce a lower reading on the colorimeter because the blue filter would reflect the darker colour, letting less light through. In order to gain these results if the experiment were to be repeated, it must be done in a dark room where the artificial light is the only light source available to the algal ball beakers. We will write a custom essay sample on Photosynthesis Experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will enable a more reliable reading to be taken as the beakers further away from the light source will not have the light from the window to enable them to photosynthesise as much as the beakers close to the light. The trend which was expected to be seen was that the light intensity is a limiting factor in photosynthesis. The greater the intensity of light, the more the plant/algae cells photosynthesises and so takes up more carbon dioxide as the rate is increased. The results do not show the general relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis that could normally be seen had the experiment taken place without errors. The graph should show an increase in arbitrary units the further away from the light source the beaker is because the greater the distance from the light source, the lower the light intensity and so less photosynthesis would take place in the algal balls. This would result in more CO2 being present because it wouldn’t be being used up during photosynthesis. The decrease in CO2 in the solutions nearer the light source would cause the hydrogencarbonate indicator to change colour to purple/red and therefore the darker colour would produce a lower reading on the colorimeter because the blue filter would reflect the darker colour, letting less light through. In order to gain these results if the experiment were to be repeated, it must be done in a dark room where the artificial light is the only light source available to the algal ball beakers. This will enable a more reliable reading to be taken as the beakers further away from the light source will not have the light from the window to enable them to photosynthesise as much as the beakers close to the light. The trend which was expected to be seen was that the light intensity is a limiting factor in photosynthesis. The greater the intensity of light, the more the plant/algae cells photosynthesises and so takes up more carbon dioxide as the rate is increased. Conclusion and analysis Conclusion and analysis The method for the experiment allowed for error to take place, but also had advantages. The results show some anomalies – these have come about because the samples were on the counter in front of the window and so the algal balls were subject to natural light coming in from the window as well as the artificial light. This error in the method meant that the results collected were neither accurate nor reliable as at the different intervals, the algal balls could have had varying light intensities and therefore the light intensity was not a controlled factor in the experiment because the artificial light source was not the only light source. The advantage of using algal balls is that it was very easy to standardise the amount of chloroplasts in each beaker at each interval. This could then not be considered as an affecting factor because the balls were uniform in size and chlorophyll concentration in every beaker. This is an advantage also because it enables the experiment to be replicated accurately and so repeats could be taken to calculate a mean and eradicate any anomalous results which occurred due to the error. The algal balls are also cheap to grow and easy o make as hundreds can be made in a short time and they are also easy to keep alive for several weeks so they can be kept alive for further experiments. The advantage of using the hydrogencarbonate indicator as a control was that the change in colour measured by the colorimeter readings could be detected to be caused by the photosynthesising algal balls and not something which would happen anyway. The method for the experiment allowed for error to take place, b ut also had advantages. The results show some anomalies – these have come about because the samples were on the counter in front of the window and so the algal balls were subject to natural light coming in from the window as well as the artificial light. This error in the method meant that the results collected were neither accurate nor reliable as at the different intervals, the algal balls could have had varying light intensities and therefore the light intensity was not a controlled factor in the experiment because the artificial light source was not the only light source. The advantage of using algal balls is that it was very easy to standardise the amount of chloroplasts in each beaker at each interval. This could then not be considered as an affecting factor because the balls were uniform in size and chlorophyll concentration in every beaker. This is an advantage also because it enables the experiment to be replicated accurately and so repeats could be taken to calculate a mean and eradicate any anomalous results which occurred due to the error.

Free Essays on Life In Colonial America

Everyday Life In Colonial America The eighteenth century was a very interesting time in our nation’s history because our nation was born through the hard work and the dedication of those who lived during those times. When one refers to the eighteenth century, however, he must realize that there were many major cultural, religious, and moral differences between colonial Americans of different regions of the newly discovered land we now call the United States of America. Our nation was once made up of many different kinds of people, from puritans to slaves, whose religious and cultural beliefs varied tremendously. Their everyday lives were often consumed with endless amounts of work, from farming to hunting, that were necessary for their survival. Their family structures also varied in many ways. Some had tight, close knit families, while others concentrated more on their slaves or their hired help for family type needs. The communities of colonial America varied tremendously as well. Some communities co nsisted of a Chief, while others had offices such as Governor or Mayor. The people of colonial America, and the areas in which they lived have been classified into three major regions of colonial America: the North, the Middle region, and the South. The inhabitants of these three regions experienced a variety of different types of family, work, and relationships within the community. The northern region of colonial America was an influential region because its eventual formation of government and acts of rebellion would be the spark that helped us gain our freedom from England. In the early eighteenth century, however, the North really had no political power because it was newly born and was just beginning to establish some form of society. The family structure of the North was a major reason for its survival. When settlers first arrived on American soil, they were mostly young men, journeying without their families, look... Free Essays on Life In Colonial America Free Essays on Life In Colonial America Everyday Life In Colonial America The eighteenth century was a very interesting time in our nation’s history because our nation was born through the hard work and the dedication of those who lived during those times. When one refers to the eighteenth century, however, he must realize that there were many major cultural, religious, and moral differences between colonial Americans of different regions of the newly discovered land we now call the United States of America. Our nation was once made up of many different kinds of people, from puritans to slaves, whose religious and cultural beliefs varied tremendously. Their everyday lives were often consumed with endless amounts of work, from farming to hunting, that were necessary for their survival. Their family structures also varied in many ways. Some had tight, close knit families, while others concentrated more on their slaves or their hired help for family type needs. The communities of colonial America varied tremendously as well. Some communities co nsisted of a Chief, while others had offices such as Governor or Mayor. The people of colonial America, and the areas in which they lived have been classified into three major regions of colonial America: the North, the Middle region, and the South. The inhabitants of these three regions experienced a variety of different types of family, work, and relationships within the community. The northern region of colonial America was an influential region because its eventual formation of government and acts of rebellion would be the spark that helped us gain our freedom from England. In the early eighteenth century, however, the North really had no political power because it was newly born and was just beginning to establish some form of society. The family structure of the North was a major reason for its survival. When settlers first arrived on American soil, they were mostly young men, journeying without their families, look...

Programmable logic controllers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Programmable logic controllers - Essay Example Commutative law can be represented using logic gates as follows: According to the Associative law of multiplication, when ANDing two or more variables, the order in which the variables are arranged makes no difference. This law can be illustrated using AND gates as shown below: According to this law, ORing two or more variables followed by ANDing the outcome with a single variable is equal to ANDing the single variable with each one of the two variables followed by ORing the products. This law also illustrates the process of factorization as shown below: DeMorgan proposed two theories that are useful part of Boolean algebra. In practice, DeMorgans theorems gives mathematical confirmation of the equivalence of NAND and the negative OR gates and the equivalence of the NOR and the negative AND gates. One of the DeMorgans theories is stated as follows: The complement of the product of any two variables is equivalent to the sum of the complements of the two variables. A four-variable Karnaugh map consists of sixteen cells, as shown in the figure below. The binary digits A and B are at the left side while the values C and D are across the top. The value of any given cell is binary values of A and B combined with the values of C and D. For instance, the cell in the upper

Occupational therapist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Occupational therapist - Essay Example As an occupational therapist, I must be able to encourage my patients to do what he or she can to recover despite the limitations of their injury. I witnessed firsthand the difficulty patients can have when I saw my father lose his ability to perform the role of father and breadwinner for my family. I was able to remain calm and patient because I understood that he was not angry with me but because his injury prevented him from working and living up to the responsibilities of fatherhood. This was a challenge, but my values saw me through to the other side. I have worked very hard for the last few years to pursue a career as an occupational therapist. I became the first member of my family to graduate from high school in the United States. I will also be the first to acquire an Associates Degree. I plan on attending Dominican University and completing a Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy. I truly believe that I could be an asset to your university. I am a natural multi-tasker who has the ability to succeed and reach the top in each situation. I have a wide range of interests and knowledge to contribute to the field of occupational therapy. I can ensure you that you are not making the wrong decision my accepting my letter of admission. I will not only work hard to prove myself worthy of your acceptance but I will work hard to surpass your expectations. I have proven in the past that I care about others and am motivated by an intrinsic desire to help others.

State sovereignty and globalization Research Paper

State sovereignty and globalization - Research Paper Example This is also possible because of the concept of globalization. Globalization has made it possible to disseminate and distribute information thousands of miles away. Globalization has also led to the emergence of other actors at the international arena, such as International Governmental Institutions. Examples of Inter-Governmental Institutions include the United Nations, NATO, European Union and the African Union. States have to cede some of the sovereign rights in order to be members of these organizations.2. Inter-Governmental Institutions as agents of Globalization: Inter-governmental organization is an institution that is composed of sovereign states, and they join it for the purposes of benefiting politically, socially or economically. The representatives of various governments sign treaties, which then pass through the process of ratification, to give the agreement a legal recognition. The inter-governmental institutions must not be confused with various treaty organizations. F or instance the North American Free Trade Agreement and the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade are not examples of inter-governmental institutions, but they are examples of treaty organizations. Because inter-governmental organizations involve associations between governments at the international arena, it can be termed as an agent of globalization. ... Some Inter-Governmental organizations are formed for the main purpose of restoring and preserving peace. An example of such an institution is the Formation of the League of Nation, after the end of the First World War. The institution was formed to prevent an emergence of another war, similar to the magnitude of the First World War. However, the institution failed to prevent the emergence of the Second World War. Because of this failure, the International community resolved to form the United Nations. One of the failures of the League of Nations is to attract United States of America as a member. United States refused to join the League of Nations, for purposes of protecting its sovereignty. The government of United States of America realized that joining the institution would amount to ceding some of its sovereign rights. Some inter-governmental organizations are formed to promote inter-governmental cooperation in relation to environmental conservation, human rights protection and s ocial development. Examples include UN Habitat, United Nations Economic and Social Council, and Economic Community of West African States. Globalization in this context is seen through the interaction of States, to benefit from those associations either through trade, or advancement of their socio-political ideologies. This is the case of International Monetary Fund and the promotion of Liberalization of a State’s economy. This was the main ideology of United States and the Western parts of Europe3. They were the main financiers of IMF and World Bank. These institutions played a great role in opening up the economies of third world countries, and therefore eroding some elements of their

A Cloud Based Immune System For Computers Information Technology Essay

A Cloud Based Immune System For Computers Information Technology Essay Cloud Computing is a Web-based processing, where services are hosted on the Internet. Resources like infrastructure, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand over the Internet. It is in the 1960s that the concept of Cloud Computing first emerged as described by John McCarthy, computation may someday be organized as a public utility. From the 1960s to the 1990s, Cloud Computing has barely improved. In the 1990s, there was a major advancement of bandwidth that triggered the development of Cloud Computing. Salesforce.com, which came along in 1999, introduced the idea of distributing business software through websites. Four years later, Amazon Web Services expended the could-based services to storage, computation as well as human intelligence. Amazon Web Services then built the first Cloud Computing infrastructure that now offers worldwide access. C:UsersKanika AgarwalDesktopTECH COMMUNICATIONS300px-Cloud_computing.svg.png Cloud computing has already become an integral part of peoples lives today. A search engine that we are use every day is the simplest example. As a recent technology, only few researches have been done in this area. Cloud Computing is still an involving paradigm. Therefore, an accurate and comprehensive definition of Cloud Computing is currently unavailable. Cloud security involves the same fundamental issues as any computer security program. These include: restricting access to authorized users, maintaining the integrity of data, and ensuring the availability of data and services. When data and services reside on servers external to the campus, safeguarding those assets involves additional concern. Encrypting data transit is important, as are the service providers security procedures. Cloud computing typically uses server virtualization, and if the virtualization isnt secure, data from one segment of a server could escape into another area. Cloud based immune systems are very efficient in solving problems related to computer software which use the idea of cloud computing. Such softwares gather the data and information from the cloud to process its application. A new approach for managing bugs in computer software, Dimmunix, has been developed by a team led by Prof. George Candea at EPFL. Deadlock immunity is a property by which programs, once afflicted by a deadlock pattern, develop the ability to avoid future occurrences of that deadlock pattern. Overtime, programs with such an immune system progressively increase their resistance to deadlocks.  Dimmunix is a tool for giving software systems an immune system against deadlocks, without any assistance from programmers or users. It is well suited for general purpose software (desktop and enterprise applications, server software, etc.) and a recent extension allows application communities to collaborate in achieving enhanced immunity. It also enables entire networks of c omputers to cooperate in order to collectively avoid the manifestation of bugs in software. Literature Review The Dependable Systems  Lab  at  EPFL  in  Switzerland  has  developed a new IT  tool,  called  Dimmunix,  which  allows  programs  to  prevent future  recurrence  of bugs  without  any  assistance  from  the users  or programmers. The approach, called failure  immunity, starts working  for the  first  time a bug occurs. It saves  the signature of the  bugs,  and then  observes how the  computer reacts  and  records a trace.  When the  bug  is about to attack again,  Dimmunix  uses these trace to recognize the error and automatically changes  the execution  so  that  the program  continues  to  run smoothly. The use of cloud computing technology means the tool that can protect the entire network of computer bugs, even in an environment like the Internet. (Sparky3887, 2010)   With  Dimmunix, the  web browser  learns how to avoid freezing when the bugs related to plug-ins happen.  Moving  a step  further,  using  the  latest  version  of  cloud computing technology,  they take an advantage of network and therefore immunize the entire communities of computer. Dimmunix  could  be  compared  with the  human  immune  system. When  the  body is infected, the immune system  develops  antibodies. Then,  when  the  immune system encounters the same  pathogen again,  the  body  recognizes  and  knows  how  to effectively  combat the  disease. Based  on  the principle of  cloud computing,  the computers  participating  in  the Dimmunix application community benefit from vaccines automatically produced whenever the first manifestation of a given bug occurs within that community. The new version of Dimmunix programs is safely protected from the bugs, even in environments as unreliable as the internet. At present, for the computer programmers, Dimmunix works for all programs used widely by private individuals and companies.  It is useful for programs written in Java and C / C + +, obtained on real systems software (JBoss, MySQL, ActiveMQ, Apache httpd, MySQL, JDBC, Java JDK, and Limewire).  (Carron-Gasco, 2010) If the browser crashes or the application gives up the ghost, it might be required to send an error report to the creator of the program.  Following the crashes, one would probably start to wonder if the error reports were even read. This is not the case for Dimmunix. It learns from crashes, bugs and errors without assistance from the user or for a programmer, to automatically prevent replication of the same deadlock in the future.   This approach starts to work for the first time a crash occurs.  Dimmunix saves a signature of the error, see how the computer reacts and tracks a record.  The next time the bug appears, Dimmunix will be able to recognize the error, step in and influence the application so as to not hit the same deadlock again. Dimmunix does not actually change the code or try to fix the bug.  It does not touch the program at all.  Dimmunix amends interleaving of program threads from below the program in question, so as to run the program without any deadlocks. With subtle manipulations of the program schedules, the deadlocks can be avoided without compromising the program code or influence the behaviour of typical applications. The Dependable Systems Lab boasts that Dimmunix has been proven to work on many real systems, using all kinds of programming languages such as MySQL, ActiveMQ, Apache and JDK forJava, while only introducing modest performance overhead. It has also proven itself to be effective in a test case of 100 errors, Dimmunix has managed to avoid all the deadlocks and run each test to completion. The latest version of Dimmunix goes one step further. Inspired by the cloud computing, the software uses the experiences and information from an entire connected community to share bug reports and fixes. This obviously opens the system up to a host of potential problems such as privacy worries and malicious denial-of-service attacks.  There is actually no concern for privacy, because the deadlock signatures solely contain a fingerprint of a segment of execution and absolutely no data, neither of the user nor of the program itself. As for malicious attacks, the new Dimmunix employs a quick verification technique that allows each Dimmunix runtime to receive a deadlock signature and check it before actually employing it to avoid hangs. (Brown, 2010) Results and Discussion Case Study The concept of cloud computing evokes different perceptions in different people. The word Cloud itself reflects the idea of how it works. In cloud computing, processing is not in a specified, known or in a static place. Cloud computing is still in the phase of a developing technology. Currently there have been some attempts to use this technology in solving the immunity problems in modern computers. Cloud based immune systems are very efficient in solving problems related to computer software which use the idea of cloud computing. Such software gathers the data and information from the cloud to process its application. These include: Cloud software development platform: software platform to host cloud-based enterprise applications such as Windows Azure, Google Software used to maintain cloud based infrastructure (Servers, storage, security and databases) like Amazon Web services and Sun Microsystems etc. These software integrate the technique of cloud computing in the background to process their applications. The method of how this software uses this particular technique will be discussed below by randomly choosing a simple software more commonly known as Windows Azure. Azure platform lessens its emphasis on the desktop by shifting more resources to web-based products. It just uses the end user computer to run the software. All the data and information are stored in the cloud. By doing so it has an access to vast amount of data stored in the cloud. Since it is open to a vast arena of cloud, the software has the ability to counter itself from errors that occur as it runs. (Tim Mther, 2009) 3.1 Problems in Cloud Computing There are a large number of problems/errors that the cloud based software faces in the current era of computing. These errors can be divided into two main categories. They are viruses and issues due to immature technology. Some of them are listed below: Kernal mode rootkits: This uses the hypervisor technology to run. It affects the system by installing itself as a hypervisor below the OS. By doing so, it becomes more difficult to detect. Viruses: There are two kinds of viruses. They are non-resident and resident viruses. Non-resident resident viruses consist of finding and replicating modules. Finder modules find new files and call the replicating module to infect that particular file. Resident viruses, when executed, load into the memory and execute when a particular file of its interest start to run. (wikipedia, Computer Viruses) Lock overhead: the extra resources using for locks like memory space allocated for locks, CPU time to initialise the lock and destroy a lock etc Lock contention: This occurs whenever one process attempts to acquire a lock held by another process. Deadlock: The situation when each of the two tasks is waiting for a lock that another task holds. Unless something is done, the two tasks will wait forever. (Wikipedia) The above mentioned errors are some of the vulnerabilities that can be treated using cloud based immune systems. Here, the deadlock will be studied in detail in order to describe how it can be resolved using cloud based systems. The pros and cons of the particular system will also be discussed below. Deadlock A deadlock refers to a specific condition where two or more demanding performance are waiting for each other to free a resource, or many actions are waiting in a circular chain for resource. This results in both the programs ceasing their function. When we consider multiprocessing,  in which many processes share a particular type of mutually exclusive resource, deadlock is commonly known as a software lock  or  soft lock. It is tremendously vulnerable in the case where multiple threads coexist in the same address space of a system. Dead lock remains the ultimate bug when there is a trade-off among two problems. The deadlocks are troubling mainly because there is no  Ã‚  solution to avoid them and only possible way to attack such a situation is by having a deadlock detector and a breaking mechanism or system. (Deadlocks, 2011) There are four essential and adequate conditions known as Coffman Conditions  for a deadlock to take place. These include: Mutual exclusion  condition-A particular resource that cannot be used by more than one program at a time Hold and wait  condition-Process which holds some resources but at the same time requests for new ones No  pre-emption  condition-Resources cannot be forcibly removed from a process holding them but can only be released by the explicit action of the process. Circular wait  condition: More than one processes form a circular chain where each process waits for a resource while the subsequent process in that chain holds. 3.2.1 Avoidance or Prevention Removing the  mutual exclusion  condition is one way to avoid the dead lock. Another way is by requiring a process, to request for all the resources they will need before starting up. As it will not be an efficient use of resources, it is better to use algorithms such as  lock-free and wait-free algorithms  ,  optimistic concurrency control and solution, that permit pre-emption and avoid circular waits. Dead locks can be avoided if certain information about processes is accessible in advance, but for many systems, it is impossible to know the required resource information well in advance. (Detecting and Ending Deadlocks) 3.2.2 Technology against deadlock occurrence Algorithms which are used mainly to avoid the dead lock are: Bankers algorithm-This is used for the dead lock avoidance but requires the advance knowledge of resource limit, which is impossible most of the time. Wait/Die and Wound/Wait algorithms-This uses a symmetry-braking technique. It can avoid the dead lock occurrence but it is only by allowing one of the processes to become an unsafe condition. In most deadlock detections, process restarts are used by employing an algorithm to remove the deadlock by tracking resource allocation and process states. It is because detecting the possibility of a deadlock  before  it happen is very difficult. The deadlock detection techniques such as Deadlock Checker Tool and Model checking and detecting and Ending Deadlocks are examples. (Deadlocks, 2011) Model checking-It constructs a finite state -model on which it performs analysis to find out all possible terminal sets in the model, in which each of them represents a dead lock. Deadlock Checker Tool-It performs a variety of checks on parallel programs written in CSP in order to establish freedom from deadlock. Detecting and Ending Deadlocks-The SQL Server Database Engine detects deadlock cycles within the Server and chooses one of the sessions as a deadlock victim to be terminated. 3.3 Dimmunix : A Tool for DEADLOCK Operating reliably without any effect by bugs is one of the biggest challenges in Cloud Computing. Prof. George Candea and Cristian Zamfir worked on a project to solve this problem and came up with a solution, which was developed by DSL (Dependable Systems Lab) at Ecole Polytechnique Fà ©dà ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. More commonly known as Dimmunix, it has a self-healing mechanism and is called failure immunity. It studies the failure which occurs due to bugs for the first time and saves bugs digital signature. It also observes how a computer reacts subsequently in order to overcome the failure and trace the track of the reaction. Dimmunix functions on an on-going basis. When the program threads make the method calls, Dimmunix observes its order in which they occur. It then identifies the specific method-call sequences that results in dead-lock. Using the identified method calls and program-execution processes, Dimmunix traces and stores it as a digital signature. (A Cloud-Based Immune System For Computers).When the bug tries to enter the system again, Dimmunix uses this signature to identify the bug and traces the track to prevent the system from deadlock which occurred in the past by the same bug. It does so by making changes in the sequence in which threads run, to prevent the conflicts that can cause deadlock in the host system. So the system continues to work smoothly without any interruption as it worked before the bug entered the system. (Failure Immunity Mechanisms for Embedded Software in Consumer Devices). Dimmunix is comparable with our immune system, where both have similar functions. When we are infected, the human immune system develops antibodies to protect us from infectious agents. If our body encounters the same agent again, the immune system will recognize the pathogen and fight effectively to overcome the illness. Dimmunix also reacts for bugs in the same manner as how the immune system reacts for pathogen, and prevents system from deadlocks which has been described in the above section. (Deadlock). Dimmunix need no assistance from programmers or users and can act as an immune system in software systems to act against deadlock. For general purpose, softwares such as desktop OS, server software, and enterprise applications, Dimmunix is well suited. A recent extension of Dimmunix can even allow the application communities to collaborate in achieving superior immunity. (Garber) Quoting the lines of Professor George Candea, director of Dependable Systems Lab We do not touch the p rogram at all. Dimmunix modifies the interleaving of program threads from underneath the program in question, so as to essentially trick the program into running without deadlocking.Its almost as if the program is rolling down the hill, heading for a collision with a tree, and with a slight impulse from the side you alter the programs trajectory just enough for it to avoid hitting the tree and continue running as if it was never in danger. (wired.co.uk, 2010) Dimmunix is a prototype tool which does not need a central sever, platform-independent, and even runs on mobile devices. It has been built to work with application written in programming languages like Java, C and C++. It is,also, effective on various systems that consist of MySQL ,SQLite databases, Limewire peer to-peer file-sharing client JBoss application server, Apache ActiveMQ message broker, and Java Development Kit(JDK). 3.3.1 Dimmunix and Cloud computing technology After the Dependable Systems Lab of Switzerland developed the technology called Dimmunix, it has undergone various kinds of experiments in enhancing that particular technology. One such experiment is the incorporation of cloud computing into the Dimmunix. What is cloud computing and how is it being integrated into Dimmunix? These are the two important questions in this scenario. Cloud computing is computation, software, data access and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cloud_computing.svg/300px-Cloud_computing.svg.png delivers that services (wikipedia, cloud computing). Figure X shows the cloud computing conceptual diagram. Cloud computing is actually a byproduct of the ease of access to remote computing sites provided by the internet. It always works in the form of web based application or tools. End users can use these tools through internet web browsers in such a way that they were installed locally on their own computers. The key characteristics of cloud computing is that the cloud is in the cloud itself. That is the processing of the data is not taking place in a specified static places. When Dimmunix integrates this technology, it can do wonders. In cloud computing, once Dimmunix is installed in the computers, it acts like a vaccine for the entire system in cloud. Once the signature of a bug is saved, it will be exchanged among other Dimmunix servers in the cloud and the entire cloud will be protected from a deadlock. The deadlocks need not occur in each and every computer in the network for the first time. If it has occurred in any workplace in a cloud, it is enough to protect the cloud from the same deadlock again. (Dimmunix: A crowdsourced immune system for computers) This integration of cloud computing in Dimmunix opens the system up to a host of potential problems such as privacy worries and malicious denial of service attacks. Professor Candea assures that there is actually no concern for privacy, because the deadlock signatures contain solely a fingerprint of a segment of execution [and] absolutely no data, neither of the user nor of the program itself. As for malicious attacks, the new Dimmunix employs a quick verification technique that allows each Dimmunix runtime to receive a deadlock signature and check it before actually employing it to avoid hangs. (wired.co.uk, 2010) Advantages Users can install the Dimmunix on individual computers as an efficient immune system against deadlock as it does not need a central server for its function. According to Researcher George Candea, assistant professor and director of EPFLs Dependable Systems Lab, Dimmunix technology is platform-independent and could even run on mobile devices. (Garber) Disadvantages Dimmunix is not user friendly as it cannot be used by everybody who is a computer literate. Dimmunix cant prevent the deadlock occurrence. It needs a particular dead lock to occur at least once in order to develop the immunity. That is, the system must experience a bug-related deadlock before the tool can create defences. It can be considered as Dimmunix key weakness. Another incapability of the Dimmunix is that, its particular approach to handle dead lock situations does not work with deterministic bugs. It is because deterministic bugs can cause crashes under specific circumstances regardless of thread schedules. (Garber) Suggestions Currently Dimmunix is only being used to solve deadlock problems. But as seen in section x, there are a lot other bugs out in this computer world. It would be better if the technology can be developed in such a way that it can used to apply as an immune system to such a vast variety of problems.

Free Essays - Essay on Medea and Antigone :: comparison compare contrast essays

Medea and Antigone are two stories of women fighting back for what they want, or what they feel is right. These stories take place in ancient Greece, around the time of its rise to power. Medea and Antigone are both strong, sometimes-manipulative characters but have different moral settings that control what they do. Medea is often very demanding in getting what it is that she wants; Antigone, will do what she need to do in order to get what she wants. With Antigone she is defies the law of a king to uphold the law of her spiritual belief. In the middle of the night she lives the house and sneaks into a field to bury her dead brother. Medea killed many people, including her own sons and a princess, in order to only spite her unlawful and cheating husband. The two women are like alligators, waiting motionless for the right time to strike. In the case of Medea, swift, violent strikes. And with Antigone, a cool collected precise one. These women are always determined to get what they want.   In classic works being a strong woman seems to run hand in hand with being manipulative. Medea lied and cheated friends to try to acquire time in order to get what she wants. In this case what she wants is revenge agents her ex-husband. She tricks a friend to give her asylum in Athens after she has committed her insane task. Medea even goes so far as to be able to con Kreon, the king himself into giving her an extra day. This unwittingly gives her exactly what she needs. Antigone tries her hand at manipulation but is not as successful as Medea. Antigone tries, with no avail, to persuade her sister, Ismene, to help her give their brother Polyneices a proper burial. In this way they are more like foxes, cunning but not always getting it right. Their deceitful nature is their strength.   While both women do wrong by the law of man, and Medea against the law of the gods, they do it for different reasons.   In the beginning Medea kills many people and monsters with little or no concern of the consequence. When the story deals with modern times Medea kills out of pure revenge and spite for Jason.   She plots for weeks to kill Jason’s new bride and poisons her, and then before she leaves the country she murders her two sons, she had with Jason, before she rides off in her bright white chariot.